Gas blast-furnace.



Patented Nnvf. 2|, |899.

n. yTscHlanNoFF. GAS BLAST FUBNACE.

(Application led Feb. 16, 1898.)

(No Model.)

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NTTED STATES PATENT rines.

DIMITRIS TSCHERNOFF, OF ST. PETERSBURG, RUSSIA.

GAS BLAST-FU RNAC E.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 637,432,6.ated November21, 1899. Application filed February 16, 1898. Serial No. 670,484. LNomodel.)

To aZZ whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, DIMrrRIs TscHERNoFF, a subject of the Emperor ofRussia, and a resident of St. Petersburg, Russia, have invented certainnew and useful Improvements in Gas Blast-Furnaces, of which thefollowing is a specification. f

It is Well known that numerous trials have been made to replace in thehigh or blast furnaces the dear carbonized fuel (charcoal,coke, dac.) bycombustible gases and to control the action of the blast-furnaces insucha mannerA that in the lower hearth cast-iron, iron, or steel may beobtained; but till now these trials have never given satisfactoryresults.

The object of my invention is to construct a blast-furnace which willaccomplish both these results. This furnace differs substantially fromall known furnaces of the same kind in this feature, that the current orflow of gas, which is generally single, is in my blast-furnacedividedinto two separate Hows: First, the reducing iow, which is let inthe furnace at the height of the cementation-zone of the formerblast-furnaces, this flow of incandescent gas being led from said zoneup through the ore in the shaft of the furnace between said zone and thegas-outlets and serving to reduce the ore, and, second, the meltingiiow, which is led to the hearth of the blast-furnace together with airindispensable for the combustion. This gas being ignited melts thereduced metal and the cinders or slags, which reduced material movesdown in the shaft and is directed horizontally through a side port. Thecombustion-gases pass through the covered hearth to exhaustopenings andthrough the regenerators of this side hearth, together with theexhaustgases of this side hearth, to a separate chimney.

The blast-furnace forming the subject of this invention is shown on theaccompanying drawings, of which Figure 1 represents a vertical sectionof my blast-furnace; Fig. 2,' a vertical section of a gas-regenerativefurnace in line ct b of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a section on line 3 3 ofFig. 1. Fig. 4 .is a section on line 4 4 of Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a partialvertical section of a modified furnace.

The shaft A of the furnace is supplied with ore and iuX, to which smallquantities of charcoal or coke may be added when the nature of the oretreated requires it.J At the zone B ports or holes a are providedthrough which incandescent gas entering through tube a2 passes and alsoair which may be introduced through pipe d20 to casing (L3 and into thefurnace along with the gas. Said tube communicates with a casing a3,which surrounds zone B, as shown most clearly in Fig. 3. The gas'shouldhave a temperature of about 1,000o to 1,2009 Celsius and comes from anysuitable generator. (Notshown.) This gaspasses upwardly through the ore,rendering it incandescent, and reduces the ore to metal, the flow of gascontinuing to and through ports c in the exhaust-conduit C. The reducedore, with the liuX, continuously descends to the enlarged hearth D andthere is melted by the combustion heat of gas admitted through the portsd, while air is admitted through the ports d. As indicated in Fig. 4,the ports d may be provided with connected coverings d2, connected by apipe d3, to which the gas-supply pipe d4 is connected. The ports d arelikewise connected through a pipe d5 and to air-pipe d6. The flames ofthe gas which is admitted when melted metal falls to hearth D surroundsthe ore-column F in the enlarged vhearth D and are drawn through theport e into the covered front hearth E, which communicates with aseparate chimney through the chimney-passage 5. The hearth E is arrangedas a gas-regenerating furnace,with this peculiarity, thatin addition toits own ordinary gas and air supply from its regenerators throughpassages 6 7, respectively, it is traversed by the iiames from thecentral hearth D, due to combustion around the column F of reducedmaterial, the flames entering through port e. All these gases areexhausted through the regenerators into the common chimney, as alreadystated. One arrangement of regenerator, to which the passages 6 7 and 89 may be connected, is indicated in Fig. 2, lin which 10 is a pipeconducting gases from any suitable generator (not shown) to theregenerator. When the valve 11 is in the position shown, such gasdescends through passage 12 to passages R', thence up through the heatedregenerator L. At the same time air rises through the passages O'through the section of regenerator above the same to the furnace.

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The gases resulting from the llames entering through port c and the airand gas entering through the regenerator and acting on the metal in theside hearth pass downward through passages S 9, through the right sideof the regenerator, and to the chimney-passage 5. lVhen this side of theregenerator becomes heated and the other side cooled, valve ll isreversed, thereby, together with suitable valves (not shown) in the airand gas pipes, reversing the (low through the regenerator in the mannerand for the purpose well understood. Through'the port e ilows the metalreduced in the large hearth D to the side hearth E, together withcinders and slags, which may be removed through the port 13. The metalon the bottom of hearth E maybe treated as in the Martin process-that isto say, the metal may be stirred and mixed with spiegel-iron,ferromanganese, ferrosilicium, or other similar materials, according tothe nature and purpose of the metal. As soon as sufficient metal isformed it is removed through the tap-hole g and cast as usual. Thus myblast-furnace can be worked without interruption so long as it does notrequire any fundamental repairs.

The walls of the furnace are provided with eyeholes S s for watching theprocess and through which to assist the moving down ofthe charge. Theseholes may also be utilized in case of need forintrodueing into thefurnace required substances-as,for instan ce,alkaline silicates,iiuor-spar, or the like-for enhancing the fluidity of slags, the. Thecontrol of the reduction of the metal and the degree of itscarburization are obtained in this last furnace partly by mixing withthe charge a required quantity of carbonaceous matter (charcoal, coke,anthracite, resin, tbc.) and partly by greater or less intensity offiring in the lower central hearth and the volume ofreducing-gasinjected into the furnace through the ports a. Thus forobtaining. cast-iron about five per cent. of charcoal or coke, byweight, must be added to the charge of ore and the temperature andvolume of the injected gas must be increased. For obtaining wroughtironthe admixture of coal can be dispensed with and the temperature of thereducing must be lowered, but the temperature in the lower centralhearth must be raised. In this manner the reduction and carburizationare retarded, and the melting and consequently the charge are hastened.For obtaining steel of greater or less softness intermediate measuresmust be taken.

I will now describe certain features of my invention more particularly.

The gas obtained from solid or liquid fuel by means of any suitablegenerator before it is supplied through ports a must have a telnperatureof about 1,000O to 1,200o Celsius, as above stated. For this purpose thegas is led through brickwork or other heating apparatus, placed as nearas possible to the blastfurnace; or instead of this arrangementgasgenerators N for this purpose can be arranged close to the walls ofthe furnace between the standards (not shown on the drawings) supportingthe brickwork of the shaft and of the corbeling out of theblast-furnace. The working of the generators N presents this feature,distinguishing them from ordinary generators, that the products ofdestructive distillalation and the wet vapors which are developed by thefuel are exhausted separately from the combustible gases, which areconsequently more rich in carbonio oxid, poorer in nitrogen, and dryerand hotter than the gases of ordinary generators.

In Fig 5, C is an air-pipe provided with a controlling-valve z', whichleads air from a suitable blowing apparatus (not shown) to generator Nthrough ports n. Here the air penetrates the bed of incandescent fuelalmost in a horizontal direction, the carbonic oxid produced with a partof nitrogen passes through the ports a to the blast-furnace, and theproducts of distillation and also the wet vapors from the fresh chargeof fuel, which is inserted through the inlet m, ascend in the pipe P andpass through the branch pipes p to the upper part of the blast-furnace.Here these products traverse the upper beds of the charge in the shaft,and after having transmitted their heat are exhausted as products almostwithout value through the mouth of the furnace. The pipe l) can be madeof brickwork in order to prevent the cooling of the gases. The bulk ofthe products exhausted through the pipe P on the generator can becontrolled by means of valvesp in said branch pipes 19. l

As the reduction of iron from its oxid by means of the carbonio oxid isperformed without expense of external heat, the whole heat brought tothe furnace by the incandescent gases will be expended only in heatingthe ore and the flux. Consequently the gases, arriving at the furnace ata temperature of about 1,000o to 1,200O Celsius, will enter the conduitC at a temperature of at least 800o Celsius. This circumstance permitsthe regeneration of these gases by placing in the conduit C a quantityof charcoal K, Fig. 5, which is introduced through the top Il. yA partof this coal will go out through the lower end of the conduit C with theashes and will follow the column of ore in its downward movement to thelower hearth D. The generators N can be arranged at some distance fromthe walls of the blast-furnace, in which case the generated gas will beled to the inlets a from the generators by tubular passages, which maybe iron tubes with refractory linings.

I claiml. A furnace having a shaft A, a contracted zone I3 with openingsa therein, means for introducing hot gas to said contracted zone; a pipeC in said shaft having openings for the escape of said gases, pipe Cextending to the top of the shaft and having a suitable outlet,

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terior of the shaft toward the top thereof, and

a perforated pipe C in the shaft.

3. A furnace having a shaft A, an enlarged hearth below said shaft,means for introducing air and gas into the shaft at zone B, means forintroducing air and gas to the enlarged hearth, a side hearth Ecommunicating with the enlarged hearth below the shaft, there beingregenerating-passages for admitting air and gas to the hearth E, andexhaust regenerating passages from said side hearth.

' Signed at St. Petersburg, Russia, this 27th day of January, 1898.

'DIMITRIS TSCHERNOFF.

Witnesses:

FREDERICK RAUPE, NIooLAUs TSCHERALOFF.

